Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The reduction in tensions between Hungary, on the one hand, and Romania and Slovakia, on the other, was associated with the consolidation of democracy in these countries, whereas nearly all irredentist conflicts were initiated by authoritarian regimes. Located in China, Japan and Korea opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties.i.e., imposed by Western naval powers and Japan on militarily helpless Asian states. (see UNCLOS). If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack Desertification AP Human Geography - Varsity Tutors. Mountainous country in Western Asia on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean sea. Nonetheless, five explanatory categories can be identified: structural, realist, rational choice, domestic, and constructivist. Examples of irredentism. Click here to study/print these flashcards. In the map below, the red line is an isogloss representing variations in the pronunciation of the German word “ich” in different regions. An organization that transcends national borders and takes an active roll in the affairs of two or more nations. Mountains are effective because they are hard to cross. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country’s colonies. • Garibaldi and the unification of Italy • Attempts by the Somali Republic to incorporate the Ogaden • MiitifSihShMoroccan acquisition of Spanish Sahara • Efforts by the Third Reich to expand Germany’s borders so as to encompass all German-speaking peoples in … Write. Under the first explanation, leaders will attempt to use irredentism as a tool to counter challenges from other elites by appealing to the nationalist sentiments of the populace. Political Geography. Write. AP Human Geography . A term used to describe an ethnic group that wants to secede from a multinational state to form its own independent state or a minority group that seeks annexation by a culturally similar sovereign state. Was a foreign policy theory, promoted by the government of the United States, that speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of Communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a this fashion. This concept is the study of how the human evolution of our culture has affected environmental processes and systems. A zone that extends 200 nautical miles from the coast of the country. Founded 1st November 1993, fifteen independent states, founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places. In most cases, this focuses on the relative support in the international system for state sovereignty versus national self-determination. Balkanization 2. devolution 3. centrifugal forces 4. perforated state 5. median line principle 6. This justification includes the arguments that assert the group’s right and obligation to unify the country and the proper means by which to achieve this goal. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the US/Canada boarder. For free examples of free-response questions, check here for the actual questions posed in the 2019 AP Human Geography exam and here for those posed in the 2018 AP Human Geography exam. The study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state. It allows that country exclusive rights over exploration and resources in the waters of the zone. By contrast, Germany’s renunciation of aggression after World War II and the self-described role of facilitator of Pan-European cooperation precluded adjustments in the country’s post-World War II borders. However, once key states (particularly the United States) adopted a more robust stance, then both countries recognized the prewar borders of the Yugoslav republics. Spell. Flashcards. https://www.britannica.com/topic/irredentism, Argentina’s invasion of the British-populated Falkland Islands. Irredentism is related to, but distinct from, secession. a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants. remaining cards. 01/10/2011. Shaking hands when meeting someone. The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicity’s. This is a major impediment to international trade and internal development. A. Irredentism is when members of a movement have deemed the goal unachievable and devolution is when power is Terms of Service. It is only used to allow you to reset your password. LEFT ARROW - move card to the Don't know pile. Terms in this set (16) Custom. The questions do require reading and writing skills, but the surer you are of the material, the more likely you are to answer the questions correctly. For example, the 1937 Irish constitution originally laid claim to the entire island of Ireland; this was changed, however, following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, which called for devolved government in Northern Ireland. AP exams in 2020 will be at-home, online tests. the joining of seperate political entities which had been previously united. In the first case, military weakness vis-à-vis the target state will force the irredentist country to relinquish its claims; in contrast, relative military strength will precipitate such a project. Sovereignty is shared. Take a look at the Soviet Union. STUDY. Term. Start studying Ap Human Geography Unit 4. Cards Return to Set Details. Below will be a few examples of empires who have used the Heartland to some extent. In this article, we'll go through the structure of the free-response section, some helpful tips for answering AP Human Geography FRQs, examples of what these free-response questions look like, and a few places where you can find the best practice materials. Given the complexity of irredentism, there likely are multiple and overlapping explanations for any particular case. During the early years of the Wars of Yugoslav Succession, the international community did little other than rhetorical condemnation to stop Croatia’s and Serbia’s irredentist projects. When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. 32. This has been used to advocate or justify other territorial acquisitions. It is almost always the city which physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and fixed by law, but there are a number of exceptions. The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Examples of Irredentism. the belief that the U.S. would to expand from Atlantic Seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. Deserts are effective because they are hard to cross and sparsely inhabited. In some instances, states have gone so far as to incorporate irredentist claims directly into their constitution. A weak Albania had little chance of forcibly altering its border with Yugoslavia, whereas a strong Nazi Germany could pressure France and Great Britain to force territorial revisions on Czechoslovakia. Water is relatively unchanging. AP Human Geography: Political Geography Vocab. What device should I use to take the 2020 AP Human Geography exam? AP Human Geography 7.09: Distribution of Power A. Irredentism a. By contrast, ethnically based national identities, such as that found in Nazi Germany, more easily lend themselves toward a desire for unification. Match. An isogloss is a boundary which separates two different languages or two variations in the same language. Spell. Save. The only large landmass, in the world, that is not part of a sovereign state. The title was given by Sir Winston Churchill during a lecture series and it had a contemporary in Asia, the Bamboo Curtain. The United Nations is an example. PLAY. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. a large, strategically located region that is occupied by a number of conflicting states and is caught between the conflicting interests, Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states; self-governing, a politically organized body of people under a single government, ethnic groups that does not have a political boundaries to be identified as a nation. Realist arguments emphasize the relative balance of power between the irredentist state in question and either the target state or the international community. Domestic-level explanations also come in two forms: demographics and regime type. The second constructivist argument focuses on the ways in which the irredentist claims are justified in a society. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out. the great lakes between Canada and the U.S. a state that encompasses a very small land area, A homogenous group of people with no political boundaries. the process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. a country which is formally independant but under heavy influence or control by another country. Syria is o the N and the E, Israel is to the S. It's government is based on a community-based power-sharing mechanism. Created by. The dramatic increase in irredentist conflicts during periods of major international upheaval and normative reordering is seen as important evidence in favour of this position. 32 key terms in the APHG study of political geography. Historically, they have often been part of larger cultural areas, as in ancient Greece (Athens, Sparta and Corinth), the extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment administrative dependencies in which indigenous populations are directly ruled or displaced. MM_Richards. eg. Folk Culture. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. If the latter is emphasized, then nationalist claims will be allowed to override the inviolability of sovereign borders; if the former is emphasized, then the legitimacy of irredentist claims will be widely rejected. Mountains, water and deserts serve as separations between states. A disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more states or over the possession for reasons such as natural resources, It can be seperated into five categories- compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, perforated, Attachment to or protection of a territory or domain. One example would be the USA. Gravity. An example is the former Yugoslavia, which has become 5 independent countries with sovereignty. Two types, exclusionary and inclusionary. e.g. For a long time, human geography has maintained four principal divisions, including political, cultural, economic, and social. lisaannduffy. The title given to the dividing line between democratic western Europe and Communist eastern Europe following the second world war. Description. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. AP Human Geography Chapter 4 w/examples. A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. A tension or war between different groups due mainly to ethnic nationalism. AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Author: College Board Subject: AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Keywords The more tolerant they are, the more an irredentist state can get away with; if they are less tolerant, then an irredentist state is forced to temper or restrict its policies. Marks the beginning of the modern state system Treaty between princes of the states making up the Holy Roman Empire Ended destructive religious war –The Thirty Year War Recognized the rights of rulers within defined AP Human Geography: A Study Guide is designed to help you prepare for the exam by giving you a sound footing in human geography concepts and topics. Updates? Somewhat questionable cases include those without a direct ethnic component but rather based solely on historical claims, such as Argentina’s invasion of the British-populated Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in 1982 or Serbian claims to Kosovo, which was the birthplace of Serbian nationalism but later was populated overwhelmingly by ethnic Albanians. Then tap the card to flip it. AP Human Geography is a yearlong course that Examine the concept of irredentism. Name given to a state that has no direct access to the ocean or other ample body of water. a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its upright existence is thought to prevent conflict between them. The second explanation argues that democratic states are less likely to have irredentist-type conflicts between them because of increased institutional restraints on launching an irredentist project; enhanced protection for minority groups, which undermines the reasons for moving to protect one’s diaspora; membership or possible membership in international organizations that prohibit such claims (e.g., North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] or the European Union); and the dynamics of democratic peace theory, in which democratic states tend to resolve their disputes peacefully. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. Irredentism, territorial claim based on a national, ethnic, or historical basis. When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, tap "retry" to try those cards again. Your best preparation for the exam is to know your stuff. English geographer and geopolitician who argued that physical and human geography should be treated as a single discipline. state to form its own independent state or a minority group that seeks annexation by a The belief that Serbia was obligated to protect its fellow Serbs in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, when mixed with the conception of the Serb nation as the defenders of Europe against Islam, helped fuel the quest for a Greater Serbia. It is only used to allow you to reset your password. Rational choice accounts examine the decision-making processes of elites that initiate an irredentist conflict for instrumental purposes. Learn. Subject. View APHG 7.09.docx from AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2103400 at Florida Virtual School. Professor of Political Science, North Dakota State University. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Make sure to remember your password. Shapes of States . Makes communication difficult. More difficult for people in remote areas to integrate with rest of the state. If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just tap on the card to take it out of the box. Activity 6 Regional Scenarios Group 7-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/ . David Araya Ap Human Geography 3/4/19 Assignment 7.09 Irredentism and devolution are two processes that alter the distribution of power in a country or region. process of allocating political power among a set of principles (or defined constituencies). Gravity. 2 types: those separated by water, and those separated by other countries. Includes examples. The potential for irredentism can be reduced if this justification is somehow undermined, perhaps by reconceptualizing the country’s history, the physical boundaries of the country, or the place of the country in the international community. AP Human Geography. Human geography looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate to the physical world. It has to do with voting. Jewish dominance of the region lead to conflict. Ms. Raasch's Social Studies Portal. The process is usually used to turn “too close to call” states into a party’s favor. in conflict over Taiwan, the restoration of Israel to Jewish Nationals,and other areas of conflic. AP Human Geography Chapter 1 Aphumangeography with. Created by. Home FAQ's FRICTION OF DISTANCE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: one example of an alternate measure of development., AP Human Geography Name_____ Unit I Vocabulary This can be a written example … Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they The final explanation for irredentism is derived from the insights of constructivism, which holds generally that the social construction of ideas and concepts is instrumental in determining political outcomes. The first argument holds that ethnically homogeneous states are more likely to be irredentist because the populations of ethnically divided states will be unwilling to support a project that benefits only one group and might have the effect of altering the ethnic balance of the state if successful. Despite the numerous potential cases of irredentism, and the long history of these claims’ sparking armed conflict, there has been little agreement on its causes, dynamics, or resolution. It manifests both at a cultural level, but may also be a formal part of the dogma of particular religious groups. For details read our Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Test. For believers, it is a form of government in which divine power governs an earthly human state. characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority; The maritime fringe of a country or continent. • Identify ONE historical or contemporary example of irredentism and explain how it demonstrates the concept of irredentism. Flashcards. However, despite the fact that many of these Russians were in territories contiguous to Russia itself, the association of the Russian Federation with the concept of rossiiski (civic) rather than russkii (ethnic) dampened the legitimacy of an irredentist project aimed at creating a Greater Russia in the 1990s. Additional Geography Flashcards . Geography. Body of public international law dealing with navigational rights, mineral rights, jurisdiction over coastal waters and international law governing relationship between nations. Structural explanations argue that the international or regional context within which the potentially irredentist state operates will play a large role in determining whether such a project is initiated and the conditions under which it ends. Territory is not clearly defined – boundaries were not set or recognized. To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city. The decentralization of a government from a unitary to a federal system or a fracturing of a government like Balkanization. However, these territories could also be considered “unredeemed,” and therefore, these cases can fall under the category of irredentism. Created. Head over to the TpT store. Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom claim portions. The continued discord between countries and states means that the potential for irredentist wars remains serious. Read these flashcards and learn about human geography and take the quiz to see what you learned. Center of government. Fragmented States . Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. Berlin Conference. an international agreement, which defines the rights and responsibilities in their use of the world's oceans. Examples of Empires. • Define the terms irredentism and devolution. to send you a reset link. View AP HG HW 7.09.docx from GEOG 100 at Salisbury University. a) identify examples and analyze, AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY c. Irredentism, use examples of human welfare indicators to distinguish between relatively developed and less. Contain several discontinuous pieces of territory. For example, Slobodan Milošević used irredentist claims in Kosovo, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina to rise to political preeminence in Serbia. Separated people according to their race; black, white, Asian or Colored. Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page. 1. Privacy Policy and Names given to the area of the middle east that runs along the Mediterranean down to the Red Sea, including the important religious city of Jerusalem and other sites important in Western Religion. Race determined land rights, shopping areas, jobs availability and salary, property and legal rights, blacks were restricted. Sign up here. The latter argument takes the balance of power to a higher level by examining the degree to which relevant international actors (states or international organizations) acquiesce in or tolerate the policies of specific irredentist states. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. A central force that is exerted on all objects, and directed away from the centre of rotation, divisive in nature, An attitude that unifies people and enhances support for the state Ex: Communist Russia, a region controlled exclusively by a small urban centre, usually having sovereignty. When no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life. A marked region divided on the basis of population in that area. PLAY. Want to own these as PDFs for your LMS and skip the ads? Irredentism is a political and popular movement that claims, reclaims (usually on behalf of the corresponding nation), and seeks to occupy territory that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory, based on history or even legend. Use these flashcards to help memorize information. View Vocab List 7 Vocab Voyage.docx from AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 14329Q1 at Stuyvesant High School. Stateless Nations: AP Human Geography Crash Course Review An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. Irredentism is the process by which a part of an existing state breaks away and merges with another, whereas in secession merging does not take place. It is also the belief that it is a mission to defend democracy. Millions of ethnic Russians found themselves as minorities scattered throughout the former Soviet Union on its collapse. We do not share your email address with others. Irredentism definition is - a political principle or policy directed toward the incorporation of irredentas within the boundaries of their historically or ethnically related political unit. It contains an infinite potential with regard to the understanding and advancement of the biology and society of all life. Otherwise, tap the red Don't know box. show Definition first ... Irredentism: A position that promotes the annexation of territory in pursuit of ethnic homogeneity or on the basis of claims to past ownership. It originally referred to an Italian political movement during the late 1800s and early 1900s that sought to detach predominantly Italian-speaking areas from Switzerland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire and incorporate these territories into the new Italian state, thus “redeeming” these territories. a method of decision-making in political community, where power is heldby appointed officials or representatives elected by the legislature of people of the member states. Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography. : Canada, An international boundary or the area (often fortified) immediately inside the boundary. It deals with issues such as defense, foreign affairs, trade, and a common currency. Central region of a country or continent; especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture. civil right to vote and exercise of that right. Argentina’s invasion of the Falkland Islands to prop up the military junta is often considered a classic case of diversionary war theory. According to the latter argument, decision makers will initiate an irredentist conflict to divert the attention of their population from domestic problems. concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. retry. Learn. Omissions? We do not share your email address with others. The first asserts that the type of national identity that is dominant in a particular state or country will influence the degree to which it will become irredentist: An ethnic identity emphasizes the unity of the culturally based country across political boundaries and lends itself to the promotion of altering borders to realize a physical union of the country; a civic national identity is political in nature, usually tied to a preexisting state, and is therefore more easily limited to status quo boundaries. When applied to the issue of irredentism, two arguments emerge. the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999. a phrase borrowed from French where it means simply "reason for being"; in English use it also comes to suggest a degree of rationalization, as "The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone". Format, stimulus, no stimulus,command terms, answering the blended question. Check out these 8 pages at the Human Imprint’s Illustrated Textbook. Home Embed All AP Human Geography Resources . Notable examples of irredentism include Nazi Germany’s claims on the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia; the “Megali Idea” that sought to create a Greater Greece; China’s desire to reincorporate the territories lost during periods of historical weakness; Somalia’s invasion of Ethiopia during the Ogaden War of 1977–78; the attempt by Hungary to reverse the 1920 Treaty of Trianon and … You’re in luck. Start studying AP Human Geography Migration Unit 3 Examples. Included a large amount of ethnic and cultural groups Why are Empires not States? Association of sovereign states by a treaty or agreement. Notable examples of irredentism include Nazi Germany’s claims on the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia; the “Megali Idea” that sought to create a Greater Greece; China’s desire to reincorporate the territories lost during periods of historical weakness; Somalia’s invasion of Ethiopia during the Ogaden War of 1977–78; the attempt by Hungary to reverse the 1920 Treaty of Trianon and reclaim territories in Slovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia during World War II; and the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh region. Create your own flash cards! Start studying AP Human Geography Unit 4 (Political Human Geography- Imperialism | Colonialism | Decolonization) Review. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. this region has taken center stage in the realm of international politics, It leads as another great example of irredentism. 2020 AP Test Changes Due to COVID-19. Russia and the Heartland The Soviet Union Russia has always been a good example of this theory since it happens to be right on top of the Heartland. it holds the debate of a Jewish historical possession and ethnic minority in 1946 versus the historical possession of the Palestinians and their ethnic majoriyt in 1946. You would need to create a new account. Form of government in which the member states give up most of their sovereignty to a national government but retain some sovereignty for themselves. Central countries have high levels of development, a capacity at innovation and a convergence of trade flows. A portion of a country geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory example:West Berlin. AP Human Geography Ch.8 Vocab. A form of government in which a God or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler. Outer countries usually have less development and are poorer countries. To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity. Define the terms Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the boarder between the U.S. and Mexico. STUDY. It comprises 14 million square kilometer’s. A rotating reference frame that is used for analysis. ex) Kurds, Berbers, Palestinians, Kashmir's, Sikhs, Tibetans, Saharawis, Basques. The movement of American/European colonies gaining independence. Search » All » Geography » AP Human Geography » Unit 4 Don't know. Irredentism and devolution are two processes that alter the distribution of power in a country or region. term used to a nation, minority ethnic group without a country. His contributions to SAGE Publications's. Start studying AP Human Geography Vocab Unit 4 Examples. He also claimed that whoever controlled the heartland, controls Eurasia, and hence the entire world. This is a driving force A. either intolerance motivated by one's own religious beliefs or intolerance against another's religious beliefs or practices. a political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular region or group of regions, whether traditional or formal (administrative divisions, country subdivisions, political divisions, subnational units). Know. CREATE AN ACCOUNT Create Tests & Flashcards. This AP Human Geography study guide is going to seek to describe the concept of devolution through the lens of the contemporary political-territorial world order. Under modern usage of the term, in many cases, an irredentist movement is referred to as creating a “Greater X,” with the “X” being the name of a country or state—for example, the quest for a Greater Serbia was in part responsible for the Wars of Yugoslav Succession during the 1990s, and the Greater Romania project (România Mare) was partially responsible for Romania’s siding with the Axis powers during World War II. Match. This often occurs when combining two or more specific boundaries to create a larger state. are in the same box the next time you log in. Either way, this theory has definitely had an influence on military thinking. A position that promotes the annexation of territory in pursuit of ethnic homogeneity or on the basis of claims to past ownership. Undergraduate 1. Created in 1652 when whites came to South Africa. The importance of irredentism in international relations is based on the intersection between nationalism and the causes of war; because such a movement invariably means taking land from another state, irredentist claims have been known to provoke ethnic conflicts and territorial aggression. Cultural Geography conflicts Harper College. Test. E.g. For example, given the serious discordance between ethnicity and statehood in nearly all African states, it should not be surprising that the only substantial irredentist conflict was the one launched by ethnically homogeneous Somalia. Key Concepts: Terms in this set (36) Balance of Power . They are popular because of their economy, political freedom, and opportunity. Because there are no objective criteria for classifying nation, usuage of the term is political and controverisal. The term irredentism is derived from the Italian word irredento (“unredeemed”). AP Human Geo Chapter 3 Vocabualry Flashcards. AP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Keywords exam information; exam resources; teacher resources; scoring information; scoring commentary; free-response samples; student samples; \r\n\r\nAP Human Geography Samples and Commentary from the 2019 Exam Administration: Free-Response Question 3 - Set 1 Two arguments fall under this rubric: elite conflict and diversionary theory. A Vocabulary List for AP Human Geography Martha Sharma Retired teacher Hilton Head, South Carolina Unit IV. Some were peaceful struggles while others became violent. Words to know:-A state is separated from it's neighbors by a boundary.-A boundary is an invisible line marking the extent of a states territory.-A compact state is a state that's distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. Total Cards. Level.