1, pp. Regarding the Body structures component, the ICF-CS for schizophrenia does not contain any category from this component. The specific symptoms that have been felt to characterize schizophrenia have varied widely over time and across cultures, as has the diagnostic and prognostic importance placed on these symptoms. Increased repulsion of working memory representations in schizophrenia. Methodology, b156 Perceptual functions [27]). Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany, Funding: This work was supported by Spain’s Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant PSI2015–67984-R], and by the Agency for the Management of University and Research Grants of the Government of Catalonia [grant 2017SGR1681]. There has been only limited study of how individuals with schizophrenia experience mental illness stigma. Participants were provide with a written consent form. Writing – review & editing, Affiliations https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.g001. Although this wide range of symptoms can be present in different combinations[4], patients across the schizophrenia spectrum commonly experience impairments, limitations, and restrictions in major areas of functioning (such as education, work, interpersonal relations, or self-care). Of these, only one (b126 Temperament and personality functions) does not feature in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Popular AMA APA ... Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(1), p.95. Indeed, we sought to obtain a sample of experts that, as far as possible, reflected worldwide variety in all the variables considered (e.g., gender, age, years of experience, and region). Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness that impairs a person's thoughts and behavior, and if untreated, can include psychosis. Writing – review & editing. Journal of Psychiatry, Autism-Open Access, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, Schizophrenia Research, JAMA Psychiatry, The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Schizophrenia … To ensure that study participants were all “informed individuals” with regard to the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia, the initial invitation letter specified that they should be “psychologists experienced in the treatment of schizophrenia”. Risperidone (oral forms) for people with schizophrenia 6 October 2017 | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol. A multidisciplinary approach to both assessment and clinical intervention is essential to support individuals with this health condition. Treatment is directed at ameliorating acute psychosis and reducing relapses. A collection of recently published articles from subdisciplines of psychology covered by more than 90 APA journals. Bjorn Rishovd Rund. Data curation, 19-39. There was a plan, a structure, and a method to my search. Sixteen categories that are included in the Activities and Participation component of the Comprehensive ICF-CS for schizophrenia were initially referred to by many of our experts but did not reach the threshold for consensus. Investigation, Table 3 lists the categories that did not match in the two sets of data (the set of categories included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia and the set of categories that reached consensus). Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Hemsley, D. R. 1993-02-01 00:00:00 BPS DIVISION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Reference Library on Clinical Practice Schizophrenia D. R. Hemsley* Department o Psychology, Institute o Psychiatty, DeCrespky Park, London SE5 8 A F , UK f f Hirsch, S. R. (1986). Citation: Nuño L, Guilera G, Coenen M, Rojo E, Gómez-Benito J, Barrios M (2019) Functioning in schizophrenia from the perspective of psychologists: A worldwide study. Latest articles in this journal Supplemental Material for Disentangling Temporal Dynamics in Attention Bias From Measurement Error: A State-Space … From the experts’ answers in round one, a total of 7,526 concepts were extracted and linked to 412 ICF categories (219 second-level, 189 third-level, and 4 fourth-level). This category belongs to chapter e1 Products and Technology, and it should be noted that the ICF-CS for schizophrenia already contains four categories from the same chapter (i.e., e110 Products or substances for personal consumption, e125 Products and technology for communication, e130 Products and technology for education and e165 Assets). CiteScore: 6.4 ℹ CiteScore: 2019: 6.4 CiteScore measures the average citations received per peer-reviewed document published in this title. Keep on Citing! Resolution and remission in schizophrenia: getting well and staying well. When films like Girl Interrupted (1999) and A Beautiful Mind (2001) were released to the public, people began focusing their attention on mental illness and its depiction in cinema. J. Gómez-Benito was the author who received the funding. Sixteen categories from this component that are included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia did not yield consensus (see S3 Table for more information). In this report, the historical concepts of what constitutes the “characteristic symptoms” of schizophrenia are reviewed in the context of the development of DSM-IV . Schizophrenia can cause hallucinations, delusions, and unusual behaviors, as well as cognitive challenges, such as problems with memory, attention, and concentration. Specifically, all the panelists who had responded in the first round were sent a list of the selected ICF categories linked to the responses of all participants, as well as a list of the categories proposed for Personal factors, along with their respective definitions. Read the latest articles of Schizophrenia Research: Cognition at ScienceDirect.com, Elsevier’s leading platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literature Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with impairment in functioning. In addition, it was made clear that they should have at least one year experience of treating adults with schizophrenia. Better and more targeted treatment of these areas would help to decrease the stigma that surrounds this illness and empower patients to improve their quality of life [5]. Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices. Concerning the Body functions component, all the categories that yielded consensus belong to chapter b1 Mental functions. More detail regarding the categories listed by the experts and the corresponding percentage analyses is provided in S1–S5 Tables. Investigation, Other main objectives include training in social skills and problem solving, reducing positive and negative symptoms, and modifying contextual factors to facilitate recovery [9]. Further validation studies from the perspective of other professionals (i.e., nursing, occupational therapy, social work, and physiotherapy) are now needed in order to complement the present findings and to move a step closer towards a definitive version of the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives, Seek schizophrenia support from a drop-in center, How to help a loved one cope with a mental illness, Research roundup: Using computers to treat schizophrenia, © 2020 American Psychological Association. However, one of its categories (s110 Structure of brain) reached an agreement of 90% in the Delphi study (for more details, see S2 Table). Resources, Inter-coder reliability was assessed by calculating the delta statistic and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) [21]. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click No, Is the Subject Area "Psychological and psychosocial issues" applicable to this article? https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.t003. Data regarding the categories presented to experts in rounds two and three and the degree of consensus reached are shown in the first two rows of Table 2. Pages 845-857. Years Covered. Participants were sent an e-mail with a link to the survey homepage and instructions (i.e., to list all the aspects they considered to be relevant when assessing and/or treating individuals with schizophrenia). This is likely due to the multidisciplinary approach that was used to develop this ICF-CS, which aims to cover the main intervention targets not merely of a specific professional group (in this case, psychologists) but of all health professionals involved in the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia [11]. BMC Psychology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers manuscripts on all aspects of psychology, human behavior and the mind, including developmental, clinical, cognitive, experimental, health and social psychology, as well as personality and individual differences. Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Roles Yes Writing – review & editing, Roles The Journal of Abnormal Psychology ® publishes articles on basic research and theory in the broad field of psychopathology and other abnormal behaviors, their determinants, and correlates.. A total of 175 psychologists from 46 countries covering the six WHO regions answered the first-round questionnaire, and 137 completed all three rounds. Thus, from the perspective of psychologists, inclusion of this category in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia should be considered. 1 January 2018 | The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B, Vol. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry: Vol. In light of these results, it would be useful if the ICF included comprehensive specifications of ‘Personal factors’, or at least a list of such factors, so as to enable more systematic reporting of the personal factors that influence functioning and health and to further stimulate research in this important area [43]. Concerning the Personal factors component, we drew up a proposed list of 33 personal factors, 28 of which achieved consensus in the third Delphi round. Software, Change style powered by CSL. 313 Early Neurocognitive Markers of Developmental Psychopathology The ICF as a whole includes more than 1400 categories and hence is not suited to application in everyday clinical practice. Data curation, To conclude, the results of this study provide strong support for the content validity of the Comprehensive ICF-CSs for schizophrenia as they were obtained by surveying psychologists from all six WHO regions. Table 1 shows participants’ demographic and professional characteristics. Abstract Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with impairment in functioning. Conceptualization, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.t001. Investigation, The responses gathered in the first round were then linked to ICF categories using established ICF linking rules [16,17]. Related Journals of Schizophrenia. For You ... Journal of Pediatric Psychology, March 25, 2020 . A multidisciplinary approach is essential to help individuals with this health condition, and psychological interventions are considered a priority. No, Is the Subject Area "Clinical psychology" applicable to this article? Achieving these therapeutic goals requires a proper understanding of each patient’s functioning and health status. No, Is the Subject Area "Mental health therapies" applicable to this article? Schizophrenia is a mental health condition that usually appears in late adolescence or early adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s003, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s004, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s005, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s006, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.s007. Supervision, Is the Subject Area "Schizophrenia" applicable to this article? The grants financed the preparation of the materials in the five languages in which it was applied, the Qualtrics platform through which the data were collected, and the linguistic revision of the manuscript. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies ...JSM Schizophrenia is a scientific, peer-reviewed journal of original articles that focus on the practical and … Of the 1,555 health professionals who agreed to take part and who provided demographic and professional data, 223 were psychologists who met the eligibility criteria and who were therefore invited to begin round one of this study. BMC Psychology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers manuscripts on all aspects of psychology, human behavior and the mind, including developmental, clinical, cognitive, experimental, health and social psychology, as well as personality and individual differences. The second-round survey was answered by 151 psychologists, and 137 completed the third round, with a response rate across rounds one to three of 78.3%. Clinical treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a disabling … As Personal factors are not currently categorized in the ICF, they do not feature in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its clinical phenotype and the underlying endophenotype. schizophrenia journal pdf of Clinical Psychology 2005;44:181-191.. Schizophrenia - NCBI - NIH They were reminded that the aim was to obtain a final list that was both short enough to be applicable in clinical practice and sufficiently comprehensive to cover the most important needs of people with schizophrenia. This validation study highlights the functioning-related issues that psychologists encounter in their work with individuals with schizophrenia and considers the extent to which these aspects are covered by the ICF Core Sets for schizophrenia. In the third round, consensus (i.e., agreement of at least 75%) was reached for 76 ICF categories and 28 Personal factors. Another strength of the study is that participation was possible in any of five languages, and this is likely to have been a key factor in achieving such a multicultural and multinational representation. Formal analysis, Applying the delta statistic method, a general index of .90 [95% CI: .89 - .91] was obtained, indicating that 90% of agreements were not due to chance. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.g002. However, there was a significant difference between these two groups in years of experience (p < .01), since the invited experts who did not respond were less experienced than those who did take part. No, Is the Subject Area "Psychologists" applicable to this article? Four categories from the Environmental factors component of the ICF-CS for schizophrenia did not achieve consensus but were selected by more than 50% of the experts surveyed. 55 ... the central importance of positive psychology and recovery approaches. Formal analysis, However, it has been suggested that the effects of CBTp in areas other than psychotic symptoms are at least as important and potentially benefit from the intervention. Unlike the dementias, schizophrenia … All components of the ICF, except Personal factors, are organized hierarchically in an exhaustive list of categories (see Fig 3). Supervision, Although psychiatrists highlighted the importance of many categories from chapter b1 Mental functions, they also emphasized other categories from the Body functions component, such as b530 Weight maintenance functions or b765 Involuntary movement functions. Furthermore, experts did not need to have specific knowledge about the ICF, and they were selected without taking into account their therapeutic orientation or training background. Formal analysis, Twenty-nine categories from the Environmental factors component yielded agreement of at least 75%, and only one of them (e135 Products and technology for employment) is not included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TRestablishes the clinical criteria for schizophrenia, with the foremost information concerning Criterion A . For the 70 million people affected worldwide, please know, that it’s not your fault. The ICF-CSs for schizophrenia may also be used as a framework for analyzing the content of patient-reported outcome measures or to inform instrument developers about what needs to be included in tools designed to assess the functioning of persons with schizophrenia. The ICF Core Sets for schizophrenia are a list of ICF categories describing the most common problems in functioning of persons affected by this health condition. here. The ICF provides just such a framework. There is reliable evidence for schizophrenia being a progressive disease with emergent treatment resistance in most cases, that relapse contributes to this treatment resistance, that … Schizophrenia - Psychology bibliographies - in Harvard style . Yes Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that afflicts more than 21 million people worldwide [1]. Two or more signs and symptoms from Criterion A must be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): (1) delusions, (2) hallucinations, (3) disorganized speech, e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence, (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or (5) negative symptoms , i.e., affective flattening , alogia, o… The following topics fall within the journal's major areas of focus: psychopathology — its etiology, development, symptomatology, and course No, Is the Subject Area "Cognitive psychology" applicable to this article? The specific symptoms that have been felt to characterize schizophrenia have varied widely over time and across cultures, as has the diagnostic and prognostic importance placed on these symptoms. The journal publishes novel papers that really contribute to understanding the biology and treatment of schizophrenic disorders; Schizophrenia Research brings together biological, clinical and psychological … Yes Volume 59, Issue 1. As many of the categories listed in that Core Set were considered important by more than half the experts but did not reach the threshold for consensus (75% agreement), the results are discussed by considering categories that were clearly excluded (50% or less of agreement), those whose relevance appears to be ambiguous (between 50% and 75% of agreement), and those for which there was consensus (75% or more agreement). This suggests that these categories (e.g., e555 Associations and organizational services, systems, and policies) may be relevant to the assessment and treatment of individuals with schizophrenia, but that they are not primary targets of psychological intervention. In order to be able to compare our findings with the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia, which comprise solely second-level categories, all third- and fourth-level categories identified in the Delphi process were aggregated to their corresponding second-level category. For additional free resources (such as article summaries, podcasts, and more), please … Let’s look at some common misconceptions. Conceptualization, Schizophrenia is a global disease, affecting 1 percent of the population worldwide [1]. Methodology, It has a multifactorial etiology, with numerous individual variables interacting with several environmental factors [2]. For the 70 million people affected worldwide, please know, that it’s not your … Read full-text medical journal articles from Medscape's Schizophrenia Journal Articles. The disorder is characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia), and negative symptoms[3]. These results support the content validity of these ICF Core Sets from the perspective of psychologists. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.g003. Click here to start building your own bibliography. Schizophrenia can be tricky to diagnose, because its symptoms sometimes masquerade as other diseases. Given that an ICF-CS needs to be as short as possible, this domain may already be sufficiently covered by these four categories. Along with medication, psychotherapy and support can help them regain their lives. A basic requirement for the implementation of these ICF-CSs in clinical practice is their validation from different perspectives. Yes Classification is the process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts very early. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. Having a basic set of categories that addresses a particular patient population at different stages of an illness and that helps both to improve communication within multi-professional teams and to guide the management and treatment of patients by different health professionals is important for ensuring optimal care [47]. The primary limitation of the study concerns the representativeness of the panel of experts. Agreement of 75% or higher was reached for 75.3% of the categories included in the Comprehensive ICF-CS for schizophrenia and for all the categories in the Brief version. As this category also reached consensus in the validation study from the perspective of psychiatrists it clearly reflects a problem area for these patients [28,29], and therefore its exclusion from the ICF-CS for schizophrenia should be reconsidered. Importantly, improvement and decline in aspects of functioning can be displayed in a functioning profile over the course of treatment or over the life span. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia involves multiple neurochemical pathways and brain circuits. All categories of the Activities and Participation component for which consensus was reached are listed in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Introduction. With respect to the Body functions component, an agreement of 75% or higher was achieved for 14 categories. The purpose is to achieve consensus from a panel of individuals with knowledge of the topic of interest (hereinafter, experts). Journal of Abnormal Psychology Emotion Deficits in Schizophrenia: Timing Matters Ann M. Kring, Marja Germans Gard, and David E. Gard Online First Publication, November 8, 2010. doi: 10.1037/a0021402 Angus MacDonald, III, PhD. Haddock , G. , Barrowclough , C. , Tarrier , N. , et al ( 2003 ) Cognitive–behavioural therapy and motivational intervention for schizophrenia … Possible reasons for this under-representation include limited internet access and lower numbers of psychologists in these regions. These categories covered all its chapters and focused especially on learning and applying knowledge (e.g., d160 Focusing attention), interpersonal interactions (e.g., d720 Complex interpersonal interactions), and major life areas such as education (e.g., d830 Higher education) and employment (e.g., d845 Acquiring, keeping and terminating a job). Taken together, these results suggest that the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia provide a clinically relevant framework for organizing information about this health condition. Of the ICF categories that were selected by at least 75% of experts in the Delphi study, 96% feature in the Comprehensive ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Resources, Third- and fourth-level categories are more specific than second-level categories, and they share the attributes of the second-level category with which they are associated. 1906-Present. 1 Gilmore JH , Murray RM : Prenatal and perinatal factors, in Textbook of Schizophrenia.Edited by Lieberman JAStroup TSPerkins DO.Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc, 2006, pp 55–67 Google Scholar 2 Mäki P , Riekki T , Miettunen J , Isohanni M , Jones PB , Murray GK , Veijola J : Schizophrenia … Software, Four of the 17 categories that are included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia (b330 Fluency and rhythm of speech functions, b530 Weight maintenance functions, b640 Sexual functions, and b765 Involuntary movement functions) did not achieve consensus in the Delphi study (see S1 Table for more details). A comprehensive framework employing a universal language that is understood by all actors could improve the implementation of care plans, leading to a common understanding and shared goals between all health professionals. REGULAR ARTICLE. They primarily worked in clinical practice (mean 46.3% of their time), followed by research (28.1%), teaching and training (16.9%), management (7.8%), and other tasks (0.9%). In order to facilitate comparison with previous studies that use the kappa index, we also calculated this statistic and its 95% CI [22]. The categories included in the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia were also listed. The goal of the present study was to build on this by exploring content validity from the perspective of psychologists, another group of health professionals closely involved in the care of individuals with schizophrenia. These results are in line with those obtained in the validation study from the perspective of psychiatrists, where all the categories of the Brief ICF-CS and 90% of those in the Comprehensive version yielded consensus. 6.484. Department of Psychiatry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, Roles This is consistent with the more biomedical perspective of psychiatrists. Of these, the ambiguous categories (i.e., those selected by more than 50% but less than 75% of the expert panel) mainly belong to chapter d6 Domestic life (e.g., d640 Doing housework) or are related to employment (e.g., d855 Non-remunerative employment). The Comprehensive ICF-CS for schizophrenia consists of 97 categories covering the characteristic spectrum of problems in functioning and health that are experienced by individuals with this disorder; it also includes environmental factors. Those ICF categories and Personal factors that were reported by less than 5% of the experts (98 ICF categories and 20 personal factors) were excluded from the second round; ICF categories coded as ‘other specified’ or ‘unspecified’ at the second-level (n = 11 ICF categories) were also excluded. Specifically, our two objectives were: 1) to identify the problems, personal characteristics/resources, and aspects of the environment that psychologists regard as most important for understanding functioning in people with schizophrenia; and 2) to analyze the extent to which the problems and aspects identified are represented in the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia. These results suggest that psychologists ascribe considerable importance to the impact of environmental factors on the functioning of a person with schizophrenia, a point already made by other authors [34,35]. Volume 77, Issue 1. Although a significant minority of the general public also believed them to be liable to commit violent and sexual offences against the person, on average they were not rated as dangerous. Schizophrenia … Clinical Institute of Neurosciences (ICN), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain, Conceptualization, Read full-text medical journal articles from Medscape's Schizophrenia Journal Articles. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936, https://www.icf-research-branch.org/icf-core-sets-projects2/mental-health/icf-core-set-for-schizophrenia. 313 Early Neurocognitive Markers of Developmental Psychopathology There were no significant differences in age, gender, or years of experience in treating individuals with schizophrenia between the groups that responded across rounds 1 to 3. Psychology by Richard Gross All the major domains of Psychology are covered in detail across 50 manageable chapters that will help you get to grips with anything from the nervous system to memory, from attachment to personality, and everything in-between. The Brief ICF-CS for schizophrenia includes just 25 of these categories, the ones considered most important for the purposes of assessment and treatment. Risperidone (oral forms) for people with schizophrenia 6 October 2017 | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol. The focus on recent advances in the neurobiology of schizophrenia has pushed aside the psychological understanding of the person with schizophrenia for several decades. 56, No. Only one of the categories from the Body functions component (b126 Temperament and personality functions) that reached an agreement of at least 75% is not included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices. As in the previous study from the perspective of psychiatrists, the component with the second highest number of categories showing agreement of at least 75% was Environmental factors. COVID-19 resources for psychologists, health-care workers and the public. The relevance of this category was likewise noted in the Delphi study from the perspective of psychiatrists [14], where agreement was even higher (97%). At the 54th World Health Assembly on 22 May 2001 the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was officially endorsed (resolution WHA 54.21) by all 191 member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the international standard to describe and measure health and disability [11]. Now available in nearly every metropolitan area in the U.S., consumer-run drop-in centers help people with serious mental illness become part of their communities again. I. a 1st year psychology essay (Mark - 80%) Discover the world's research 19+ million members All potential participants received an invitation with basic information about the study and what would be required of them. For instance, if the reported problem was ‘executive dysfunction’, the concept ‘executive function’ was extracted and assigned to the ICF category b164 Higher-level cognitive functions. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. Psychological interventions also address other categories that were associated with high agreement, namely psychosocial functions (b122 Global psychosocial functions [24]), functions affected by negative symptoms (e.g., b130 Energy and drive functions and b152 Emotional functions [25,26]), and classical symptoms in schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations (e.g. The ICF-CSs for schizophrenia can be used as a standard set of ICF categories to facilitate the assessment of functioning in real-life clinical practice by using the ICF qualifiers, which are codes used to record the extent of functioning or disability in a domain or category, or the extent to which an environmental factor is a facilitator or barrier. For You News & Perspective ... Journal of Pediatric Psychology, February 19, 2020 . In summary, only three of the 76 categories that yielded an agreement of at least 75% do not feature in the Comprehensive ICF-CS for schizophrenia. The two ICF-CSs for schizophrenia are available for free download at: https://www.icf-research-branch.org/icf-core-sets-projects2/mental-health/icf-core-set-for-schizophrenia. Some of the categories that achieved higher consensus refer to cognitive functions, such as b164 Higher-level cognitive functions. Schizophrenia has a lifetime prevalence of about 1% 4 and accounts for a huge health care burden, with annual associated costs in the United States estimated to be more than $150 billion. Yes Psychopathology Schizophrenia is a devastating illness with an early adulthood onset and persistent course. Writing – original draft, Affiliations We conducted a three-round worldwide Delphi study by means of an e-mail survey. Based on previous studies [14,20], consensus was defined as agreement among at least 75% of participants. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that generally appears in late adolescence or early adulthood - however, it can emerge at any time in life. Further information about the experts who formed part of this study is available as supplementary data (S2 Text). Cite This For Me: The Easiest Tool to Create your Bibliographies Online. Adapted from the Encyclopedia of Psychology. Dangerousness, unpredictability and the fear of people with schizophrenia. A total of 175 psychologists from 46 countries covering the six WHO regions answered the first-round survey (78.5% of the 223 who were sent the survey material). This article posits that this emphasis on psychosis is a conceptual fallacy that has greatly contributed to the lack of progress in our … I have shared the major conclusions in my journal with the following first-person account of the psychological causes of my schizophrenia… This study aimed to explore the content validity of these ICF Core Sets and to identify the most common problems in people with schizophrenia from the perspective of psychologists. In this article, I shall focus on psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia and explore how the corresponding data aligns with theoretical concepts developed by Lev Vygotsky and Aleksei Leontiev. The four journals that published the most studies of motivation in schizophrenia were Schizophrenia Research (46 published studies), Psychiatry Research (18), Schizophrenia Bulletin (12), and the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (8). It was made clear that they should base their answers on their clinical experience. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Volume 129, Issue 8 (Nov 2020) Editor. Software, CiteScore values are based on citation counts in a range of four years (e.g. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Consequently, the WHO has established a protocol to develop ICF Core Sets (ICF-CSs) for specific health conditions. In fact, these functions are mainly assessed by other professionals, such as endocrinologists (weight maintenance) or physiotherapists (movement abnormalities). Hospital Benito Menni CASM, Sisters Hospitallers, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain, The Delphi process is shown in Fig 2. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its clinical phenotype and the underlying endophenotype. There is also evidence that psychological interventions produce changes in brain structure and its functioning [31], with this being the goal of interventions such as cognitive remediation. Consensus was achieved for 75.3% of the ICF categories included in the Comprehensive ICF-CS, and 100% of those in the Brief ICF-CS. Following the methodology endorsed by the WHO [12], the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia have already been developed through a formal decision-making consensus process, integrating evidence from four preparatory studies and expert opinion [13]. Therefore, the following analysis refers solely to the Comprehensive ICF-CS. Conceptualization, Data Availability: The data will be held in the University of Barcelona's repository by clicking this link: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/127181. For each category, they were asked to indicate whether it was relevant from their perspective as a psychologist to the assessment and/or treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. They were also asked to provide demographic and professional data. Schizophrenia Journal Articles - Index - Medscape. Any disagreements between the two independent coders were reviewed and discussed by two other health professionals with the aim of achieving consensus. Learn more about all the facets of schizophrenia here. Those psychologists who had participated in any earlier stage of developing the ICF-CS for schizophrenia were not eligible for the present study. Seventy-three of the 97 ICF categories that form the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for schizophrenia achieved consensus, and only three categories that yielded consensus do not feature in this Core Set. Yes It is worth noting that these categories did yield agreement of 75% or higher in the Delphi study from the perspective of psychiatrists, thus highlighting how different professional views may complement one another. Another key strength is its multidisciplinary approach, insofar as it provides a common language that can be used by all the professionals and healthcare disciplines involved in a person’s care. Schizophrenia typically begins in early adulthood. We also made use of literature searches, LinkedIn contacts, and personal recommendations. No, Is the Subject Area "Global health" applicable to this article? Validation, In addition, I shall briefly describe the theoretical underpinnings of general Russian/Soviet approaches to the treatment of the mentally ill. The research evidence for schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The 7,526 concepts extracted from first-round responses were linked to 412 ICF categories and 53 personal factors. Myth #1 Having schizophrenia is a sign of moral failing or weakness. Group on Measurement Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Roles Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Journal of Psychiatry, Autism-Open Access, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, Schizophrenia Research, JAMA Psychiatry, The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Schizophrenia Bulletin. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 2016 59: 2, 148-169 Download Citation If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data … To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under … Four categories from this component that do feature in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia did not reach consensus in the Delphi study (see S4 Table). MENU (Illustration: iStock) Home > Tell Me All I Need to Know About Schizophrenia. With respect to the Activities and Participation component, all the categories that reached consensus (n = 32) form part of the ICF-CS for schizophrenia. Original Article. Twenty-four categories that feature in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia did not achieve agreement of 75% in the present Delphi study. All categories reported by at least 5% of the experts were listed and presented to the panel in the second Delphi round. Fifty-three categories were proposed for the Personal factors identified. This is a multistage process in which each stage or round builds on the results of the previous one in order to gather and provide information about a particular subject [15]. A particular strength of the present study is that the panel of experts comprised 175 psychologists from 46 countries covering all six WHO regions. Although no category from the Body structures component is currently included in the ICF-CS for schizophrenia, 90% of the psychologists agreed that brain structure (s110 Structure of brain) is an essential aspect to consider when treating individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired, an example of psychosis. Antipsychotic drugs aren’t the only treatment people with schizophrenia need. Psychologists with experience of schizophrenia treatment were recruited for a three-round Delphi study in order to gather their views regarding the problems commonly presented by these patients. Yes (2018) [14]. This provides further evidence of the suitability of the ICF framework for describing functioning and disability in persons with schizophrenia. ... Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. The most cited articles published since 2017, extracted from Scopus . The journal … Myth #1 Having schizophrenia is a sign of moral failing or weakness. The content validity of the ICF-CSs for schizophrenia has already been examined and supported from the perspective of psychiatrists [14]. The first use of cognitive therapy to help people with schizophrenia was in 1952 [].Beginning somewhat later, with Kuipers et al. Schizophrenia (from the Greek word σχιζοφρένεια, or shjzofre'neja, meaning "split mind") is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental disorder characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality and by significant social or occupational dysfunction. The categories for which there was agreement in the third round were compared with the categories included in both the Brief and Comprehensive ICF-CSs. The agreed-upon categories especially concerned support and relationships (e.g., e320 Friends), attitudes (e410 Individual attitudes of immediate family members), and the accessibility of health services (e580 Health services, systems, and policies). Schizophrenia High Impact List of Articles PPts Journals 1154. Next. Conceptualization, This suggests that these categories are relevant to the assessment of and intervention with persons with schizophrenia, but that they may not be the most common target of psychologists’ interventions, which focus primarily on mental rather than other body functions [23]. Most Cited Schizophrenia Research Articles. PLoS ONE 14(6): With the aim of avoiding language barriers and encouraging participation by experts from different world regions, the study was conducted in five languages (Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish). The literature also supports the idea that the brain is the main altered structure in this illness and it is considered to be the basis of other dysfunctions such as neuropsychological impairment [30]. Once again, these categories did yield agreement of at least 75% in the Delphi study from the perspective of psychiatrists, underlining the importance of analyzing functionality from a multidisciplinary point of view. The survey materials were independently translated and supervised by at least two native speakers. These results offer a more positive view of the abilities of people with schizophrenia, since it suggests that their difficulties mainly depend on the complexity of the task. No, Is the Subject Area "Employment" applicable to this article? Aggregation of third- and fourth-level categories to their corresponding second-level category yielded a list of 223 second-level ICF categories. Personal traits that constitute a premorbid predisposition of individuals and which affect how they cope with their illness were considered as Personal factors, whereas personality traits that are altered due to the illness were coded under category b126 of Body functions. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, or population treated (urban, rural, acute, and chronic) between psychologists who responded in the first round and those were invited to take part but did not do so. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to help individuals with this health condition, and psychological … 6, No. 1. This meant that in round two, the panel had to consider a list of 114 second-level ICF categories and 33 Personal factors. All categories included in the Brief ICF-CS for schizophrenia were selected by 75% or more of participating experts, thus supporting the relevance of the categories that form this ICF-CS. Funding acquisition, The authors would like to thank all the participating experts for their commitment and the time spent, without which the study would not have been possible. The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) on the core symptoms of schizophrenia has proven contentious, with current meta-analyses finding at most only small effects. My therapeutic journal that I started about 4 years ago moved this process forward. Writing – review & editing, Affiliations A summary of the results is shown in the third and fourth row of Table 2. In this report, the historical concepts of what constitutes the “characteristic symptoms” of schizophrenia … Our aim was to recruit a panel of experts as broad and heterogeneous as possible and to achieve consensus and common opinion despite and across this variability. Furthermore, all the experts surveyed had considerable experience (54.7% with 10 or more years) in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, both acute and chronic and from both rural and urban settings. Section 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Schizophrenia . The Institutional Review Board Committee of University of Barcelona approved the Study IBR00003099. We evaluated 74 stable outpatients with schizophrenia receiving community care. Abstract. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a theoretical framework for assessing functioning and disability. Read the latest articles of Schizophrenia Research at ScienceDirect.com, Elsevier’s leading platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literature Copyright: © 2019 Nuño et al. Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology–IBE, Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany, The illness affects all aspects of cognition, emotion, perception, and behavior in ways that impact the individual with the illness, his or her family, and society. Although psychologists from all over the world took part, the Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific, and African WHO regions were under-represented, and this may limit the external validity of our results. The Comprehensive ICF-CS categories that were selected by fewer than 50% of psychologists mainly referred to simple activities such as d210 Undertaking a single task and d330 Speaking, whereas consensus was achieved for the equivalent more complex categories (e.g., d220 Undertaking multiple tasks). We found that the general public, psychology undergraduates and nursing students all believed people with schizophrenia are very different from themselves and highly unpredictable. Methodology, Let’s look at some common misconceptions. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217936.t002. Analysis of microbiota in first episode psychosis identifies preliminary associations with … Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Neuroinfectious Diseases, International Journal of Neurorehabilitation, Acta Psychopathologica, Neurological Disorders, Schizophrenia Research, Journal of Schizophrenia Research, Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, Clinical Schizophrenia … broad scope, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time. BMC Health Services ... Keith Fear, Chris Hynes, Joanne Sullivan, Gary Moore, Bruce and Burns, Tom 2010. Project administration, This area is one of the main targets of psychological interventions such as cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), which aims to improve neurocognition and other functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia [23]. Consensus (≥75% agreement) was reached for 76 ICF categories and 28 personal factors. Two health professionals with experience of treating persons with schizophrenia and trained in the use of the ICF independently linked all responses from the first Delphi round to the corresponding ICF categories. Personal factors, such as resilience [36,37], premorbid cognitive skills [38], premorbid social skills [39], personal history and biography [40], premorbid drug use and lifestyle [41], and premorbid personality [42] have been considered to influence how people with schizophrenia cope with their illness. Journal of Clinical Psychology. Theory of mind in schizophrenia - Volume 191 Issue 1. However, a useful functional psychology of schizophrenia (in distinction to a psychological approach to symptoms) remains clinically important for several reasons: it is a core part of the bio- psycho -social formulation; it helps us understand and connect with persons with schizophrenia; … In P. B. Bradley & S. R. Hirsch (Eds), The Psychopharmacology and … Paranoid schizophrenia journal articles pdf is a mental illness that involves false beliefs of being persecuted or plotted aga... Schizophrenia Bulletin | Oxford Academic - Oxford Journals. It is a mental disorder often characterized by abnormal … Each ICF-CS comprises a selection of ICF categories that are considered essential for describing the functioning of a person living with the corresponding health condition. Corresponding Author. The kappa coefficient for the linking process was .90 [95% CI: .88 - .92]. Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 7 2018 Dialectical Behavior Therapy as a Possible Treatment Modality for Schizophrenia Cheyenne Kemp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/intuition Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Acta Psychopathologica ... Related Journals of Schizophrenia. here. Impact Factor. However, as they are relevant to assessment and intervention planning, concepts related to Personal factors were summarized and considered in rounds two and three of the Delphi study. Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Its lifetime prevalence is estimated at between 0.3% and 0.7%. Methodology, e0217936. A theoretical analysis of schizophrenia based on a cognitive model integrates the complex interaction of predisposing neurobiological, environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors with the diverse symptomatology. Four categories from the Body functions component of the ICF-CS (i.e., b330 Fluency and rhythm of speech functions, b530 Weight maintenance functions, b640 Sexual functions, and b765 Involuntary movement functions) did not achieve consensus in the Delphi study but were considered important by more than half the experts. 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