The Ethiopic version derives from the lost Arabic version (, The first invasion, prophesied to occur 826 years after Alexander predicted, has been worked out to fall on 1 October 514; the second invasion on A.D. 629 (. Bush is said to have continued, "This confrontation is willed by God, who wants to use this conflict to erase His people's enemies before a new age begins. Referred to in the Qur'an in Surah Al-Kahf, Zul-Qarnain was a pious and just king. [54] This is in contradiction with many reports in Sunni sources, including those in Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, which indicate they will indeed, be from the Children of Adam, and this is the belief of the overwhelming majority of Islamic scholars. Rubruck refers Derbent as the "Iron Gate", this also being the meaning of the Turkish name (Demir kapi) for the town. The Gates of Alexander was a legendary barrier supposedly built by Alexander the Great in the Caucasus to keep the uncivilized barbarians of the north (typically associated with Gog and Magog ) from invading the land to the south. A legend was attached to Gog and Magog by the time of the Roman period, that the Gates of Alexander were erected by Alexander the Great to repel the tribe. [19], "Son of man, direct your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the prince, leader of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy concerning him. Gog and Magog (/ˈɡɒɡ ... ˈmeɪɡɒɡ/; Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Frank Ruehl CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג‎; Gōg ū-Māgōg; Arabic: يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ; Yaʾjūj wa-Maʾjūj) appear in the Hebrew Bible and Quran as individuals, tribes, or lands. … What's north of Jerusalem, Israel? [135] This has not been the case in the United States, where a 2002 poll indicated that 59% of Americans believed the events predicted in the Book of Revelation would come to pass. "Cnut: England's Viking King 1016–35". The material is not found in the oldest Greek, Latin, Armenian, and Syriac versions. Alizadeh, Karim (23 January 2014). In number they are like the sand on the seashore. They will be so numerous, commentators on the Koran wrote, that they will drink up all the waters of the Tigris and the Euphrates. [114] In 1251, the French friar André de Longjumeau informed his king that the Mongols originated from a desert further east, and an apocalyptic Gog and Magog ("Got and Margoth") people dwelled further beyond, confined by the mountains. Ireland v Scotland Autumn Nations Cup final round: What time is kick-off, what TV channel is it on and what is our prediction. [a][8][9][10], The form "Gog and Magog" may have emerged as shorthand for "Gog and/of the land of Magog", based on their usage in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. Probably from a Khamseh of Nizami manuscript (c. 1590-1600). But God repairs the breaches they make before the morning. The Septuagint reads "Agag" instead of "Gog" in Numbers 24:7. [b][12] In Revelation, Gog and Magog together are the hostile nations of the world. Worth Press Ltd, 2000, (Shahadat-ul-Qur’an, Ruhani Khazain, Volume 6, Pages 361-362, "Version anglo-normande en vers de l'Apocalypse", "The Commentary of Rashi on Isaiah and the Jewish-Christian Debate", "Iskandar Oversees the Building of the Wall", "Story of Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) form The Quran - Link To Islam", "From Alexander to Marco Polo, from Text to Image: The Marvels of India", "Take the World by Prose: Modes of Possession in the, "Text, Image and Contradiction in the Devisement du monde", "It's Impossible to Count the Things Wrong With the Negligent, Spurious, Distorted New Biography of George W. Bush", "The Gog and Magog Tradition in Revelation 20:8", "Typological Problems in Medieval Alexander Literature: The Enclosure of Gog and Magog", "A Christian Legend concerning Alexander", "Observations and Beliefs: The World of the Catalan Atlas", "Ch. [115], Some time around the 12th century, the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel came to be identified with Gog and Magog;[122] possibly the first to do so was Petrus Comestor in Historica Scholastica (c. 1169–1173),[123][124] and he was indeed a far greater influence than others before him, although the idea had been anticipated by the aforementioned Christian of Stavelot, who noted that the Khazhars, to be identified with Gog and Magog, was one of seven tribes of the Hungarians and had converted to Judaism. Over the next few centuries Jewish tradition changed Ezekiel's Gog from Magog into Gog and Magog. In the hands of Early Christian writers they became apocalyptic hordes, and throughout the Medieval period variously identified as the Vikings, Huns, Khazars, Mongols, Turanians or other nomads, or even the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. [104], The Gog and Magog are not only human flesh-eaters, but illustrated as men "a notably beaked nose" in examples such as the "Henry of Mainz map", an important example of mappa mundi. One of the most challenging prophecies in the Bible is the war of Gog and Magog as detailed in Ezekiel 38 and 39. At one point, it was the Turks, who threatened Baghdad and northern Iran;[48] later, when the Mongols destroyed Baghdad in 1258, it was they who were Gog and Magog. [31], The Book of Jubilees, from about the same time, makes three references to either Gog or Magog: in the first, Magog is a descendant of Noah, as in Genesis 10; in the second, Gog is a region next to Japheth's borders; and in the third, a portion of Japheth's land is assigned to Magog. [h][78] Several centuries later, this material was vastly elaborated in the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius and Alexander romance. Gog and Magog, or Yajuj and Majuj among the Arabs, are mentioned in the Koran and by most Arabic geographers as more or less mythical peoples. Gog and Magog are said to engage in human cannibalism in the romances and derived literature. [v][118][128], The Flemish Franciscan friar William of Rubruck, who was first-hand witness to Alexander's supposed wall in Derbent on the shores of the Caspian Sea in 1254,[w] identified the people the walls were meant to fend off only vaguely as "wild tribes" or "desert nomads",[x][131] but one researcher made the inference Rubruck must have meant Jews,[y] and that he was speaking in the context of "Gog and Magog". [2] The process, and the shifting geography of Gog and Magog, can be traced through the literature of the period. Where Is The Wall Of Yajuj Wa Majuj ? [38][39], The aggadah, homiletic and non-legalistic exegetical texts in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, treat Gog and Magog as two names for the same nation who will come against Israel in the final war. [53], According to Shia sources, Yajooj and Majooj are not from the Children of Adam (the human race). Ya'juj Ma'juj (Gog & MaGog) and Zul-Qarnain Thousands of years ago, the barbarous tribes of Yajuj and Ma'juj were imprisoned behind an iron wall built by Zul-Qarnain. They break for the night saying tomorrow we will finish, and each night God restores it. [144] One problem these writers have had to confront is the barrier holding Gog and Magog back, which is not to be found in the modern world: the answer varies, some writers saying that Gog and Magog were the Mongols and that the wall is now gone, others that both the wall and Gog and Magog are invisible. The name is explained in a narrative found in a sixth-century Syriac version and known as the Alexander Romance. The Tartar Relation, an obscure account of Friar Carpini's 1240s journey to Mongolia, is unique in alleging that these Caspian Mountains in Mongolia, "where the Jews called Gog and Magog by their fellow countrymen are said to have been shut in by Alexander", were moreover purported by the Tartars to be magnetic, causing all iron equipment and weapons to fly off toward the mountains on approach. [136] During the Cold War the idea that Soviet Russia had the role of Gog gained popularity, since Ezekiel's words describing him as "prince of Meshek"—rosh meshek in Hebrew—sounded suspiciously like Russia and Moscow. This legend must have been current in contemporary Jewish circles by this period, coinciding with the beginning of the Christian Era. “Shall we all perish?” she asked. Based on Rubruck stating elsewhere "There are other enclosures in which there are Jews", Simek, Rudolf (2005) "the emergence of the viking age: circumstances and conditions", "The vikings first Europeans VIII – XI century – the new discoveries of archaeology", other, pp. Sura 18 narrates briefly the travels of Dhu l-Qarnayn. [m][93] In the latest and longest Greek version[n] are described the Unclean Nations, which include the Goth and Magoth as their kings, and whose people engage in the habit of eating worms, dogs, human cadavers and fetuses. Verse 2 tells us that Gog is the LAND of Magog. Turns out, there's been a tradition of building walls to … He also addressed many minds (Westerners or otherwise[127]) being credulous of the notion that Mongols might be Captive Jews, but after weighing the pros and cons, he concluded this was an open question. A legend was attached to Gog and Magog by the time of the Roman period, that the Gates of Alexander were erected by Alexander the Great to repel the tribe. The names are found in the Bible, though it is unforthcoming about their nature. [o][94], Gog and Magog appear in somewhat later Old French versions of the romance. According to Sahih Muslim, the Prophet said: Believed to have been built during the Parthian Empire (247 BCE–224 CE) and restored during the Sassanid era (3rd to 7th century AD), the Great Wall Of Gorgon is a incredible and sophisticated defensive construction located in north-eastern Iran, it has around 30 military forts, an aqueduct, and water channels that go along the route. All Reubenites are held to be descendants of Reuben in the view of the Torah, but it is unclear what family relationship Gog's father Joel has with the sons of Reuben in verse 3. Dhu l-Qarnayn directs them to bring pieces of iron, which are melted in a fire to form a wall that can neither be scaled nor pierced, barring the way between two cliffs. Dhu l-Qarnayn has rather been taken to mean Alexander the Great. [100][101][102] In the 13th-century French Roman d'Alexandre en prose, Alexander has an encounter with cannibals who have taken over the role of Gog and Magog. Great Wall of Gorgan Map of the Great Wall of Gorgan ... Gog and Magog; References Further reading. [33] The Samaritan Torah and the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made during the last few centuries of the pre-Christian era) occasionally introduce the name of Gog where the Hebrew original has something else, or use Magog where the Hebrew has Gog, indicating that the names were interchangeable. [1] Efforts have been made to identify him with various individuals, notably Gyges, a king of Lydia in the early 7th century BC, but many scholars do not believe he is related to any historical person. Arab writers confirm that in the Arabic language, their name for the Great Wall of China is “the wall of Al Magog.” So the people of Magog today migrated via southern Russia to their current homeland , leaving behind such place-names as: Mogilev city, Mogiolistan, Mugojar Mountains, Mogol-Tau Mountains. It is surpassed only by the walls systems of Great Wall of China as the longest single-segment building and the longest defensive wall in existence. [1] The meaning of the name Gog remains uncertain, and in any case, the author of the Ezekiel prophecy seems to attach no particular importance to it. And in some ancient Arabic documents, the Great Wall of China is called the Ramparts of Gog and Magog. Then one day, as they stop scratching for the night, one will say tomorrow we will finish God Willing, and in the morning, it is not restored as with everything night. [140] US President George W. Bush, in the prelude to the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, Bush told French President Jacques Chirac, "Gog and Magog are at work in the Middle East." I wonder how outsiders would judge our beliefs if they went by the emblems and traditions we perpetuate. Salam/Peace, I have been re-reading the topic of "Gog & Magog" which occurs in Sura 18:93-99 & 21:96 and have come to a different conclusion than previously held (my previous conclusion was that Gog & Magog are either two rivers of water or lava which were causing havoc to … 24–25, Bruno Dumézil, master of Conference at Paris X–Nanterre, Normalien, aggregated history, author of conversion and freedom in the barbarian kingdoms. [d][16] A later corrupted folk rendition in print altered the tradition around Gogmagog and Corineus with two giants Gog and Magog, with whom the Guildhall statues came to be identified. The legend of Gog and Magog and the gates were also interpolated into the Alexander romances. Badsey, S. Nicolle, D, Turnbull, S (1999). [83][i], In the Syriac Alexander Legend dating to 629–630, Gog (Syriac: ܓܘܓ‎, gwg) and Magog (Syriac: ܡܓܘܓ‎ܵ, mgwg) appear as kings of Hunnish nations. [5] Dhul-Qarnayn, having journeyed to the ends of the world, meets "a people who scarcely understood a word" who seek his help in building a barrier that will separate them from the people of Yajuj and Majuj who "do great mischief on earth". [80][81] An earlier-dated Syriac Alexander Legend contains a somewhat different treatment of the Gog and Magog material, which passed into the lost Arabic version,[82] or the Ethiopic and later Oriental versions of the Alexander romance. [42], Two chapters Al Kahf and Al-Anbiya of the Quran discuss Gog and Magog. [74] Islam is then seen as that which alone would succeed in bringing people of different nations together as per the Quran (18:99). In the Quran Yajuj and Majuj (Gog and Magog) are suppressed by Dhul-Qarnayn "the two-horned one", a figure derived from Alexander the Great or Cyrus the Great. “Yes,” he replied, “if evil be widespread.”. The 14ft-high wicker figures of the giants Gog and Magog are being spruced up for the Lord Mayor’s procession, which they will lead in a few weeks’ time. Lund, Niels "The Danish Empire and the End of the Viking Age", in Sawyer. Muslims regard the Koran as the uncreated word of God. [34], Chapters 19:11–21:8 of the Book of Revelation, dating from the end of the 1st century AD,[35] tells how Satan is to be imprisoned for a thousand years, and how, on his release, he will rally "the nations in the four corners of the Earth, Gog and Magog", to a final battle with Christ and his saints:[3], When the thousand years are over, Satan will be released from his prison and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the Earth—Gog and Magog—and to gather them for battle. Therefore, this legend must have been current in contemporary Jewish circles by this period, coinciding the. Son named Japheth who had a son named Magog who settled Turkey: page..., though it is unforthcoming about their nature lake of Tiberias and drink out of China the... Romances and derived literature night God restores it [ t ] [ 12 ] in Revelation, and... `` barbarous nations '', `` savage tribes '' but it does not refer to (... 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